Showing posts with label "Tango History". Show all posts
Showing posts with label "Tango History". Show all posts

Saturday, November 11, 2023

40th Anniversary of "Tango Argentino" Tango Show in Paris - Clarin Magazine

 November 3, 2023 

See original article for photos, audio, and translation...



En los primeros días de noviembre de 1983 un avión de las Líneas Aéreas del Estado transportaba desde Buenos Aires hacia París un cohete Exocet que iba a ser reparado en Francia. También viajaban como únicos pasajeros un conjunto de bailarinesmúsicos de tango y el actor Jorge Luz, invitados al Festival de Otoño parisino. Era un grupo muy peculiar, como se verá más adelante, que difícilmente podía imaginar cómo sería recibido el espectáculo que llevaban: el tango porteño, sobre todo bajo su forma bailada, era aquí una especie casi en extinción y aún más en Europa. Mucho menos sospechaban estos artistas que no tenían pasaje de regreso; el dinero que el director Claudio Segovia había reunido para el viaje apenas pudo afrontar los primeros gastos.


El proyecto de Tango Argentino no había despertado ningún interés en las personas de distintos cargos a las que Segovia acudía en Buenos Aires desde hacía tiempo. Por otra parte, unos días antes de partir hacia París, los amigos del director que habían visto un ensayo general le hicieron, con las mejores intenciones, los peores pronósticos; en los comentarios, ya a la salida y después de los tibios aplausos, apareció una verdadera preocupación por la suerte del espectáculo: “¿Vas a llevar a París algo tan de otros tiempos, con artistas maduros y algunos excedidos de peso?”. “¿Y con Goyeneche, que ya no tiene voz?”. Alguien dijo con un poco de condescendencia: “El gordo (por Virulazo) baila bien”.

Pocas veces se ha visto un desmentido más absoluto a señales tan sombrías. Tango Argentino no solo resultó un éxito colosal desde el mismo día de su estreno parisino; no solo se prolongó en sucesivas giras internacionales a lo largo de una década; su efecto fue aún más poderoso: el tango volvió a florecer en innumerables pistas de baile como danza social, en Buenos Aires y en el planeta entero.


El estreno de Tango Argentino ocurrió el 11 de noviembre en el Teatro de Châtelet de la ciudad de París; pasaron cuarenta años desde entonces, un período de tiempo inapreciable para mirarlo en perspectiva con la ayuda de su creador.

Claudio Segovia, cuya discreción reserva lo han alejado del conocimiento masivo en su propio país, pasó mucho tiempo en el exterior; pero desde hace años vive en Buenos Aires, en un piso alto del edificio Kavanagh desde donde se domina un extenso paisaje de la ciudad en 360°. La máxima austeridad reina en este lugar luminosamente blanco donde no hay ni un comedor ni una sala convencionales. Segovia prefiere hablar de “espacio” y no de casa: “Quise despojarlo de casi todo. Es eso: un espacio”.


La vista omnipresente de las torres de Puerto Madero contrasta con la evocación del Buenos Aires que Segovia recuerda y con el tranquilo barrio de Núñez donde creció. Su infancia estuvo coloreada por los vívidos relatos de su padre, que contaba de una manera muy expresiva los lugares que recorría como viajante y las obras de teatro que veía: “Mis padres eran muy teatreros ambos, aunque mi madre también amaba la ópera y nos hablaba de los grandes cantantes que había escuchado. Y yo, desde pequeño, construía maquetas en papel y cartulina; pero sólo del espacio teatral vacío, todavía sin ningún objeto”.

Cuando tenía veinte años viajó a París con una beca del gobierno francés que le permitió recorrer Europa, ir a teatros, museos y exposiciones: “Un viejo sueño cumplido: mis padres me veían siempre dibujando y pensaron que podría llegar a ser artista, que podría ingresar a Bellas Artes y al terminar, viajar a Europa. Curioso, ¿no? Sobre todo en esa época, cuando los padres aspiraban a un hijo médico o abogado”.

Su formación como escenógrafo vestuarista en la Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes le dio una base sólida para emprender una carrera prontamente exitosa. Hacia fines del 73 vivía entre Europa y Buenos Aires y empezaba a pensar en un trabajo más total, que reuniera en sus manos todas las partes de una obra: “Quería unir lo que llevaba en mí después de tantos años de trabajo; las funciones de un escenógrafo están muy ligadas al trabajo del director, que va a moverse dentro del dispositivo escénico”.

El primer espectáculo de su autoría fue Flamenco puro(1980) en el que Segovia tuvo por primera vez como estrecho colaborador a Héctor Orezzolli; luego siguieron Tango Argentino, Black and Blue (1985), Noche tropical(1992, estrenada poco después de la muerte de Orezzolli) y Brasil brasileiro (2005). Todos ellos se nutrieron de culturas populares y todos fueron extremadamente exitosos.

Cuenta Segovia: “Había conocido al director Jorge Lavelli cuando montó en el Teatro San Martín Yvonne, princesa de Borgoña de Gombrowicz. Lavelli buscaba un escenógrafo y le recomendaron que me llamara. Quedamos amigos y cuando coincidíamos en Buenos Aires íbamos a las milongas o a escuchar al Polaco Goyeneche”.


–Había ya pocas milongas en aquella época.

–Pocas. Pero quedaban grandes milongueros: Petróleo, el Pibe del Abasto, Gerardo Portalea, el Pibe Palermo. Alguna de esas noches le comenté a Lavelli mi idea sobre un espectáculo de tango. Tiempo después, Michel Guy, que dirigía el Festival de Otoño, le pidió a Lavelli que le recomendara algo diferente a todo lo que se veía en París. “Claudio Segovia tiene un proyecto así”, le dijo Lavelli. Guy me conocía como escenógrafo por mis trabajos en Francia, pero no como director.

–¿Entonces?

–Le hicimos llegar un video hecho para la televisión española con los artistas de Flamenco puro. Esto lo decidió. Aun así, hacían falta los fondos para producirlo y aparecieron nuevos problemas: un empresario en Francia se había mostrado dispuesto a dar el dinero; cuando fui a cobrar sus cheques ni siquiera existía el banco. El estreno de Tango Argentino en París fue la culminación de más de diez años de gestación y también de muchas adversidades. Mi proyecto no interesaba a nadie en Buenos Aires pero mientras tanto Tango Argentino iba tomando forma en mí.

–¿Cuándo había comenzado a pensarlo?

–Principios de la década del 70. Mi primera idea fue hacer una revista de tango; es decir, encararlo como un fenómeno teatral; no antropológico ni étnico, aunque sí bien arraigado en la experiencia real de sus intérpretes. Fíjese, el coreógrafo George Balanchine creó una obra sobre valses vieneses pero para bailarines clásicos. Los artistas de los espectáculos que hice solo o con Héctor, eran los verdaderos protagonistas de su propia historia. Y la calidad de los espectáculos era la que se le da a una ópera; pero con nada, realmente con nada.

–¿Cuando dice “nada” a qué se refiere?

–A mostrar lo más simple, aquello que no es aparatoso sino que se dirige directamente a la emoción.

–Volviendo a la época cercana al estreno, ¿cómo logró reunir el dinero para montar Tango Argentino?

–Estaba desesperado. El compromiso con el Festival de Otoño, si lo rompía, implicaba pagar una multa muy alta. Volví a Buenos Aires y hablé con mucha gente. Un funcionario llegó a decirme que no tenían un peso para dar, pero aunque lo hubiera no sería para este espectáculo. Mi madre me dio todo lo que había cobrado del seguro de vida de mi padre y así pude hacer el vestuario, comprar los zapatos, las pelucas, confeccionar el telón. Recibí una pequeña suma de la Embajada argentina en París y, después de unos trámites complicados aquí, nos dieron un avión de LADE.


–¿Un avión de mercaderías?

–Sí. Nos acomodaron unos asientos y llegamos a París sin haber dormido: fue una fiesta continua. La gente del Festival nos llevó a recorrer París. Para muchos era su primer viaje.

–¿Tenían previsiones para el estreno en el Châtelet?

–Se habían vendido 250 entradas. Un desastre. Estábamos en el escenario para el primer ensayo cuando Michel Guy me propuso hacer ese día una primera presentación para la crítica. “Imposible” –le contesto–. “Estamos por empezar un ensayo, sin vestuario ni luces”. Guy descorre un poco el telón y me muestra la sala colmada de periodistas y fotógrafos. Resolvimos todo rápidamente: maquillaron a cantante y actriz Jovita Luna, se preparó la orquesta y los bailarines se vistieron para hacer la escena final. Desde la cabina de luces íbamos dando órdenes frenéticas a los técnicos. No podíamos perder un instante; fue algo salvaje.

–Decía que entre los cantantes eligió a Jovita Luna para esa presentación imprevista.

–Yo sabía que Jovita era el colmo de la expresión, la interioridad y el dominio escénico. Hubo aplausos estruendosos y cuando aparecieron los bailarines, una apoteosis. Esa noche no dormí y a la madrugada salí a comprar los diarios: notas enormes en Le Monde, en Libération, en Le Matin. Durante la mañana se agotaron las entradas para el estreno y para todas las funciones que siguieron. Se veía a gente en medio de la nieve con cartelitos “queremos entradas; pagamos cualquier precio”. La misma noche del estreno nos llegaron contratos para hacer un mes de funciones en París en 1984 y para una gira por Francia e Italia; una invitación de la Bienal de Venecia y una propuesta de Nueva York. En una sola noche se produjo lo que había llevado diez años en madurar.

–¿Cómo surgió su colaboración con Orezzolli?

–Necesitaba a alguien que se ocupara en Buenos Aires de un espectáculo mío. Cuando volví, me emocioné con lo que Héctor había hecho y le propuse que fuera mi asistente en Europa. Éramos muy diferentes y también muy afines. Luego vi que podía ser mucho más que un asistente. Incorporaba lo que yo proponía de una manera muy natural y era muy inteligente y muy formado.


–¿De qué manera fue armando el elenco?

–La primera persona con la que hablé fue Juan Carlos Copes, en 1974. Más tarde con Astor Piazzolla; yo había trabajado mucho con él, pero Astor quería que se hiciera todo rápidamente y eso era imposible. Se lo propuse también a Tita Merello y me dijo que no; tenía esas reacciones un poco bruscas y después lo lamentó. Luego nos hicimos grandes amigos.

–¿Y el resto del elenco?

–Nunca llamé a una audición. Todo lo que hice fue por admiración hacia los artistas con los que trabajé. En el caso de Tango Argentino, eran emisarios de una cultura, de una forma de ser auténticamente porteña.

Segovia y Orezzolli acuñaron el término reo-chic para describir al elenco de bailarines: un origen popular y una gran clase como artistas. Todos provenían de la pista de baile de la milonga pero todos tenían algún tipo de experiencia escénica. “Tango Argentino –recuerda Segovia– dio lugar a cosas inconcebibles. Imagínese: Peter Stein –director de teatro alemán y un gran intelectual–comiendo en un café en Venecia junto con Virulazo y Elvira. Stein hablaba sobre el rol de la pareja humana… y ¡Virulazo! ¡Había que ver los cabarés de mala muerte en los que había bailado con Elvira! Pero su arte era el mismo”.

Vale la pena contar una anécdota de Virulazo –que con su baile había provocado la admiración de Martha Graham y de Mijail Barishnikov–: se hace un asado en Los Ángeles para agasajar al elenco de Tango Argentino y hay una buena cantidad de invitados famosos. Una rubia un poco imperativa le pide a Virulazo que la invite a bailar un tango. Concluye la pieza, se separan. Le pregunta Virulazo al actor Anthony Quinn: “Y esta petisa, ¿quién es?”. Era Madonna.

La lista de espectadores célebres que vieron Tango Argentino es apabullante; no basta con mencionar a Frank Sinatra, Andy Warhol, Martha Graham, Kirk Douglas, Lady D, Margot Fonteyn, Mijail Barishnikov, Rudolf Nureyev, Elton John, Pina Bausch, Barbra Streissand, Dustin Hoffman, Paloma Picasso; no basta porque quedan demasiados otros nombres notables afuera.

Y lo cierto es que todo tipo de público salía de los teatros bailando o tratando de bailar tango. En Nueva York las mujeres iban al teatro con vestidos negros y bijouterie. Los hombres, engominados.

Los elogios de la crítica internacional podrían dar forma a un libro. Aquí citamos apenas dos de los más connotados críticos internacionales de danza: “No lloren más por la Argentina, simplemente corran, corran al City Center donde únicamente por esta semana podrán regodear sus ojos, sus corazones y sus mentes con Tango Argentino (…), uno de los más vivificantes y elegantes espectáculos de música y danza que Nueva York –o cualquier otro lugar– hayan visto. En cuanto a mí, salí del teatro con el ardiente deseo de ir a Buenos Aires y aprender a bailar tango. No necesariamente en ese orden”. Firma Clive Barnes para el New York Post.


“Segovia y Orezzolli (…) quizás sean únicos en su género: toman la esencia de la vitalidad de una forma artística aun cuando la tradición que la sostiene agoniza”. Por Arlene Croce para The New Yorker.

“A lo largo de mi vida –dice hoy Segovia– viajé mucho, me mudé de casas, ciudades y países. Pero siempre volví aquí, y el amor tan profundo que siento por Buenos Aires fructificó en Tango Argentino. ¿Sabe?, me gusta citar esta frase de Macedonio Fernández: ‘Lo único que no tuvimos que consultar con Europa es el tango’”.


BÁSICO

Claudio Segovia

Buenos Aires, 1933. Director.

Director, escenógrafo, figurinista, productor. Estudió en las Escuelas de Artes Visuales Manuel Belgrano, en la Prilidiano Pueyrredón y la Ernesto de la Cárcova. Trabajó como escenógrafo y figurinista en teatro, ópera, ballet y music hall en la Argentina, Brasil, Francia, España, EE.UU., Inglaterra y Japón, entre otros. Es el creador del espectáculo Tango Argentino junto a Héctor Orezzoli, que alcanzó fama mundial durante dos décadas y provocó el renacimiento del tango como género y danza global. En una línea de trabajo similar, sobre ritmos musicales y bailes insertos profundamente en la cultura popular, Segovia y Orezzolli crearon Black and Blue, por el que obtuvieron un Premio Tony, Flamenco Puro Noche Tropical. Segovia también creó y dirigió Brasil Brasileiro y Maipo siempre Maipo.


Sobre la firma

Laura Falcoff

Redactora de la sección Spot / Espectáculos

Thursday, September 30, 2021

Russian Tango, by Sasha Tango [UK]

https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=904266736666883&id=100012506940645


https://youtu.be/zqGQXFmYzWg


Russian Tango - 1/4 May 31, 2020
Recent Tango by Year series on Wednesday evenings and a conversation with one of my tango friends prompted me to write this. There's a lot of text 🙂
Firstly, the context. This is not a political post, but it is very important to try and understand the context. It would be fair to say that the large proportion of the “golden age” of tango – 30s and 40s – was a terrible time for Russia/former Soviet Union. The 30s marked the start of Stalin’s repressions – it was horrendous, people were arrested for any old thing, and sent to prison and prison camps (Gulag etc) that were located in severe climates. A lot of them were tortured and shot, their families arrested too. Antisemitism was rife. On top of that, the war started for Russia in 1941 and was absolutely devastating. At the same time, while people were dying in battles, the repressions continued. Some music and songs of Russian tango were sanctioned, on an off, particularly if the authors were arrested and named “enemy of the people”.
What is the relevance of this?
- A lot of prominent, very talented tango musicians, singers had absolutely tragic lives – secret or not so secret arrests, exiles, prison camps, death.
I'd like to concentrate on some recordings from the 30s.
Russian tango, for many people, will be forever connected to these difficult years. When people knew that the war was raging on their doorstep, there’s nothing to eat, and if you enlist to go to war, for every two young soldiers there was one(!) old-style rifle to share.
At the same time, arrest can happen at any time – and they still wrote beautiful music, sang and danced with abandon. Maybe this is the reason why they did it? These are the thoughts shared with me recently by a very astute tango friend. There is so much truth in them. He was saying this about all tango music -that it brings up these thoughts. But I find it is particularly true about Russian tango.
During the war some of the singers and musicians not only enlisted – they sang for the soldiers, they toured the front lines with concerts. What a sacrifice, what an admirable belief in not just the cause (war with Germany), but sense of duty to their art, no matter what was being done to them.
Tango music is forever tinged with sadness and heartache. I realise that it is like that for most people, I’m just explaining why some generations of Russians may feel it even more profoundly. But not all, I have to underline. Especially not the younger ones.
Now, onto the musical differences between Russian and Argentine tango, as we are bound to do "compare and contrast".
- The rhythmic structure. A lot more march-like, uniformed, without deviations, but still gentle (so not D’Arienzo/Canaro/Biaggi sharpness), interspersed with a lovely, gentle habanera – distinct, recognizable and danceable;
- Lots of wind/brass instruments – which you can mostly find in early Canaro, Lomuto and some Fresedo, but not later on. No wind instruments in the “Orquesta Tipica” set-up vs lots of beautiful wind instruments in Russian tango;
- Not bandoneon, but accordion (I believe Fresedo and some others used it too, but bandoneon is the main instrument in Tango Argentino);
- The singer starts signing much earlier, if not after the first few bars of the composition;
- Some unusual instruments – unusual to a “conservative” tango listeners and purists – like, a slide guitar;
Most notable Russian tango figures were multi-talented. They doubled as great composers, and arrangers, and sometimes orchestra leaders or also played an instrument. So that's a similarity.
1. Singer Vadim Kozin. Beautiful tenor and composer. Absolutely tragic life. Complicated person that, despite his own tragedies, hasn’t always made great choices, let’s just leave it at that. Vadim Kozin was known in Europe – the voice of immense talent.
Tango “Autumn” (Osen’), 1939.
Kozin wrote the music. In fact, he wrote four of these, corresponding with the four seasons, as an homage to Tchaikovskiy’s “Four Seasons”. Two of the compositions didn’t really do anything special, the other two were better, and “Autumn” is by far one of the most famous in Russia, and perhaps elsewhere. I call it a slow tango-milonga – because you will hear that gentle habanera throughout, it does not change. I think it is lovely and danceable. His voice is beautiful. You can appreciate his talent as a composer too. And the lyrics are full of imagery, very romantic but innocent. Here is my translation:
Autumn, a translucent morning,
As if the sky is covered in foggy mist.
Faraway made up of pearlescent colours,
The sun, distant and cold.
Where was our first encounter – so vivid, exquisite, mysterious?
That memorable summer’s eve
The encounter so sweet, unintended
Don’t leave, I beg of you…
The words of love I’ll say a hundred times,
Autumn is at the door –
I know that for sure.
But still, I tell you “don’t leave”.
Our little nook never feels confined,
When you are here, spring has sprung,
Don’t leave, so many songs have not yet been sung,
Every string still trembles in my guitar.
The male photos in the video are that of Kozin, throughout his life.
The female - of Elizaveta Belogorskaya, who co-wrote the lyrics, a notable poet, lyricist and singer of that time.
To be continued...


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<div class="fb-post" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=904266736666883&amp;id=100012506940645" data-width="500" data-show-text="true"><blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=904266736666883&amp;id=100012506940645" class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><p>Russian Tango - 1/4
Recent Tango by Year series on Wednesday evenings and a conversation with one of my tango friends...</p>Posted by <a href="#" role="button">Sasha Tango</a> on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=904266736666883&amp;id=100012506940645">Sunday, May 31, 2020</a></blockquote></div>

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Question on the Early History of The Bandoneon -- 1846 to 1910



Here's a different sort of tango music question, which may not fit the stated purpose of the group. (I posted this in the TIA - Tango Investigation Agency Facebook Group earlier this year...)

A deep dive here - does anyone have any info/sources/ideas for sources/knowledgeable individuals/historians on how the bandoneon actually came to "be" in tango music. Yes we all know the story of it's invention in Germany in 1846, and that it was brought to South America by missionaries - or at least that's one story I've read somewhere. Supposedly it first appeared in BA around 1870, and then started being played in tango in the early 1900's (or perhaps as early as the 1890's), and then became prominent in tango music in the 1910's.

The article linked below has some fairly detailed info and sources, but I thought I would throw this out there.

I'm particularly interested in the periods between 1850 and 1870, when it first "appeared" in Argentina/BA, and then also from 1870-1910 - being used/adopted into tango. How many bandoneons were in BA during those years? How did they get from Germany to BA? By ship obviously, but did a German salesman/ dealer/ distributor bring them? Or were they brought by individuals? Were they brought by individual immigrants making their way to BA from all over Europe? Was there a dealer selling them in BA? Any ideas on cost at the time? Is the missionary story true?

Any and all details/thoughts/ideas/stories you may have heard would be greatly appreciated.

http://escuelatangoba.com/marcelosolis/history-of-tango-part-5/





Arthur Dent
Interesting article, I had never heard about this "Cheng/Sheng" instrument before. But concerning Heinrich Band's shop and living location the linked article is wrong: Heinrich Band - a musical teacher and musical instrument tradesman, was born in Krefeld, Northrhine Westfalia, where he improved the Concertina towards the Bandonion/Bandoneón. He never build the Bandos himself, but let them produce in Saxonia. He also died in Krefeld, actually quite young at the age of 39 years only.

quoting 'todotango':

"Heinrich Band was born in the city of Krefeld, Germany. Music teacher and luthier, one of the 16 siblings of Peter Band, he was as well musician and merchant of musical instruments. He was staff cellist in an orchestra in his town and around 1840 he had known the concertina —created by Carl Friedrich Ufflig— an instrument that can be considered the immediate antecessor of the bandoneon and he included it in the aggregation in which he played. That instrument attracted his interest but because of the limited range it had he wanted to improve it. In 1843 he opened a shop of musical instruments. There around 1846 he might have devised the bandoneon."

http://www.todotango.com/deutsch/geschichte/bericht/149/El-bandoneon-nombre-origen-y-fabricantes/



Arthur Dent
"Christian's Bandoneon Page" seems to be offline, but the way-back-machine / internet-archive has some of it still available:
https://web.archive.org/web/20190411005514/http://www.bandoneonist.ch/band/band_node1.html#bdh:hist



Andreas Kemper
Hi Alex, currently I am on rehab, so I have no access to my pc. But as soon as I am back I will look for the shipping numbers. I want to make two corrections to the article you added. The author delineates too sharply between concertina and bandoneón. Basically it is one and the same machine. The only difference is the button layout which is the allocation of the knobs. Band only invented his own button layout. Uhlig invented another one. Today bandoneón is synonymous with Band's layout, concertina with Uhlig's system. But inside either instrument is identical.

Concerning the missonary's hypothesis: Band ordered the bandoneos for use in church. Small evangelical parishes with miners and workmen were his first clients. A pipe organ was illusionary, a harmonium was too expensive, but the bando-concertina would bring the right sound into these churches. That is the true connection between tango and church. Soon afterwards the bando-concertina entered the world of seafaring. German sailors introduced these instruments all over the world. Later these sailors switched to the accordion and many an instrument found its way to the pawnbroker's. And exactly there the first argentine bandoneonist found his instrument. Perhaps its an legend, but the tango audience did not like the sound. Only the whores used to weep because it reminded them of home.



Arthur Dent
Now - rechecking - "Christian's Bandoneón Page" seems to be reachable again. One of the earliest website devoted to the Bandoneón, with great respect:
http://bandoneonist.ch/



Pierpaolo Pj Sini
From Tango, discusion y clave, por Ernesto Sabato, Buenos Aires, 1963
https://gatopistola.blogspot.com/2011/05/4-bandoneon-de-tango-discusion-y-clave.html



Michael Lavocah
AA had an authorised importer in Buenos Aires, but I don't have the information to hand, and almost certainly it was later than 1870



David Thomas
Pre-1870s it could have been one of many variations of concertina-like arrangement from different manufacturers in different countries including those made in England before Herr Band. My understanding is that the instrument that we now call a bandonéon came DOWN to Bs As through usage in Brazil, Uruguay etc. I don't accept the missionary story as credible. In 1862 a Swiss blacksmith from Sarganz emigrated to Uruguay to buy land - he was a 'bandoneon' player in Switzerland and took his instrument with him. He was not 'the first' but is just an example of many personal journeys of the instrument. My favourite story is the early personal importation by the Englishman 'Thomas' - I thereby claim my tango heritage :)



Julian Rowlands
I don't have a complete answer to this, but according to "Bandonion und Konzertina" by Maria Dunkel, the AA factory was founded in 1911. The ELA factory had been founded in 1864.

I have it in my mind that the mass importation started about 1911 but I don't have a source for that.

I also understand that the 142 voice (71 button) layout that we all know and love was made specifically for the AR market, by adding 6 buttons to the 130 voice (65 button) instrument that was the largest version of the "Rheinische Lage" system in Germany. Those notes included A, Bb and B at the bottom of the right hand (just below middle C) and a few notes that were missing on the push or pull only.

The EInheitsbandonion was developed in Germany after 1920 and from then on the systems in DE and AR diverged, but you never find 142s in Germany except ones that were reimported from AR I believe.




Julian Rowlands
It is correct to say that the bandoneon is technically similar to other species of German concertina, and the various systems only diverged as the keyboards increased in range, so we get the Rheinische, Chemnitzer (Uhlig) and Scheffler'sche layouts, and various others. What is specific to the tango bandoneon is the use of two reeds per note tuned in octaves dry - 8' and 4' reeds.

The long reed plates (multiple reeds per plate which stretch the length of the instrument) is general to most German concertinas, and differs form e.g. UK concertinas (whether English, Anglo or Duet). A simple small bandoneon from 1850 is very similar to an Anglo concertina in pitch arrangement but very different in technical construction (and shape).

Saturday, February 24, 2018

Tango Animation Not :: A Evaristo Carriego (a compendium)

Nice animation, but not tango. The song is "A Evaristo Carriego", an instrumental by composer Eduardo Rovira, dedicated to the Argentine "Arrabalero" poet, who was born in 1883 and died in 1912. His wiki page says that his poetry influenced tango lyrics over the years. Pugliese first arranged and recorded it in 1969, and if you look it up on iTunes, there are three dozen or so nuevo orquestras who have covered/recorded it. I'm sure there are tons of results on YouTube. Avail thyself. Keep scrolling. Tons more info below the titular video.

Nice song.



From the I Like Tango YouTube video: "A EVARISTO CARRIEGO", Tango composed by EDUARDO OSCAR ROVIRA (1925-1980) La Orquesta de Tango de FOREVER TANGO estaba formada por once músicos argentinos: 4 bandoneones (liderados por Víctor Lavallén), 2 violines, viola, violonchelo, contrabajo, teclado y piano (Fernando Marzán).



Here's an (audio only) version with Pugliese and Piazzolla supposedly playing live in Amsterdam in 1989.



Here they are, Pugliese and Piazzolla, live in Amsterdam (1989), in some crude footage performing"La Yumba" and Piazzolla's "Adios Nonino", with a very big orquestra. Pugliese died just over six years after this, in July of 1995.



Here's Pugliese and his orquestra performing live at Teatro Colon in BsAs in December of 1985.




And here are Carlos Gavito and Marcella Duran peforming to "A Evaristo Carriego" at the Boston Symphony Hall with the Boston Pops and the Forever Tango Orquestra in 1998. What self=respecting tango afficionado hasn't watched this one a few times? Marcella Duran. Sheesh, man.




This appears to be the 1969 version, on YouTube. I can't seem to find this version anywhere - to purchase.



Here's "La Calle Junto La Luna", an Argentine romantic drama from 1951 - about the life of poet Evaristo Carriego...

Sinopsis: La vida del célebre poeta del barrio de Palermo: Evaristo Carriego, interpretado magistralmente por Narciso Ibáñez Menta. Una estampa única del Buenos Aires a comienzos del siglo XX, la lucha de un poeta del suburbio de entonces que pintó como nadie las simplezas y dolores de la gente. Un film para volver a revivir y comprender la historia de un Buenos Aires intelectual y el desarrollo de su música popular. En la fotografía vemos a la pareja estelar de la película: Diana Ingro y Narciso Ibáñez Menta




Then there's this from the TodoTango website:

Evaristo Carriego, un poeta arrabalero

rasladada su familia a Buenos Aires, vivió en la calle Honduras N° 84 (hoy 3784), del barrio de Palermo. Desde muy joven frecuentó las tertulias literarias porteñas, en las que gravitaban Rubén Darío y Almafuerte.

Escribió en diversas publicaciones de la época, como La Protesta, Papel y Tinta, Caras y Caretas, y otras. En ellas dio a conocer también sus poesías y cuentos breves. Publicó su primer libro de poemas, Misas herejes, en 1908 y su restante obra poética fue publicada después de su muerte con el título La canción del barrio.

Carriego fue quien descubrió las posibilidades líricas del arrabal y de los arquetipos que constituirán su mitología personal y porteña, en la que destacan los guapos, los cafés, el barrio y los vecinos, con sus tristezas y sus alegrías, pintándonos toda una época, una geografía, un sentir humano. Obra que ha sido decisiva para la poesía porteñista posterior y para las letras de tango.

Murió a causa de una peritonitis apendicular, según consta en certificado firmado por el Dr. Pedro Galli. Tenía 29 años. Fue el «poeta del suburbio», el «poeta de los humildes», el «poeta de Palermo».

El 7 de mayo de 1975 se fundó la Asociación Amigos de la Casa de Evaristo Carriego, que presidió el pintor palermitano José María Mieravilla, a quien se debe, en gran parte, la conservación de dicha casa. Fue Presidente Honorario de esa entidad, a la que tuve el honor de pertenecer, el escritor Jorge Luis Borges.

Google Translation:

Evaristo Carriego, an arrabalero poet

Rasladada?? his family to Buenos Aires, he lived in Calle Honduras N ° 84 (today 3784), in the neighborhood of Palermo. From very young frequented the literary gatherings Porteñas, which gravitated Ruben Dario and Almafuerte.

He wrote in various publications of the time, such as protest, paper and ink, faces and masks, and others. In them he also announced his poems and short stories. It published its first book of poems, Masses heretics, in 1908 and its remaining poetic work was published after its death with the title The song of the quarter.

Riego was the one who discovered the lyrical possibilities of the suburbs and the archetypes that will constitute their personal and porteño mythology, in which the handsome, the cafes, the neighborhood and the neighbors stand out, with their sadness and their joys, pintándonos a whole period, a Geography, a human feeling. Work that has been decisive for the poetry porteñista posterior and for the lyrics of tango.

He died because of a appendicular peritonitis, according to a certificate signed by Dr. Pedro Galli. I was 29 years old. It was the "poet of the suburb", the «poet of the humble», the «Poet of Palermo».

On May 7, 1975 the association was founded friends of the House of Evaristo Riego, which was chaired by the painter Palermitano José María Mieravilla, who is due in large part to the conservation of the house. He was honorary president of that entity, to which I had the honor of belonging, the writer Jorge Luis Borges.


Here's a search on his poetry.

And lastly, this, on Scribd, which appears to be a pretty comprehensive collection of his poems, in Spanish (232pp).






I think this fucking post took me two hours to put together...(grin)

Thursday, April 22, 2010

The Story Behind "La Cumparsita"

La Cumparsita

La_cumparsita_partitur


La Cumparsita is the song that is traditionally the last song played at a milonga. It signals to everyone that this is the last song, and that the milonga has concluded. There was a time when I was on a mission to collect as many versions of the song as I could find. At this point, I have forty [40] distinct versions.

It was written by Gerardo Hernán Matos Rodríguez, an amateur pianist and architecture student, in late 1915 or early 1916 by all accounts. He was 17 years old when he wrote it. It's important to note that he was a student in Montevideo - so the song originated in Uruguay.

The song has a very interesting story behind it - with changed lyrics, new music arrangements, ownership and royalties lawsuits (four or five), and plenty of drama over the years. It's often billed as "the most famous tango in the world". Astor Piazzolla called it "the most frighteningly poor thing in this world" in reference to the original score by Matos Rodríguez and its simple melody.




Here are a couple of links to good, in depth treatments of the song and its history:

Keith Elshaw's www.totango.net

Ricardo García Blaya's www.todotango.com

Note that both of these sites contain a wealth of information about tango music and all things tango.

Alberto Paz' www.planet-tango.com includes a lyrics translation of the re-written version. Alberto's site is well known for his lyrics translations, and also includes a wealth of information about tango.




This 1930 version, with the original lyrics sung by the opera singer Tito Schipa, is my personal favorite.





Lastly, here's a "mashup" of many versions over 26 years...

Tuesday, November 10, 2009

Tango v. Milonga :: Interview with Sebastian Piana

I ran across this Tango-L post from Alberto Gesualdi back in 2003.

Bruno wrote:

Milonga is the precursor of Tango these were originally written in a 2 x 4 notation and changed to 4 x 8. The piano scores left from early tangos and milongas proved this point.

Alberto Gesualdi (myself) would like to say this:

It is not very clear the date of start for tango music in Argentina . Some tangos like El Entrerriano are supposed to be from 1896 .

There is sometimes a confusion when using the word milonga , because it is considered as belonging exclusively to tango and being born within the tango environment.

There was a milonga campera or milonga surenia, sung by the peasants whith their guitars. This milonga was usually the same base music, and the changes were made by the singers , with the content of what they say . More or less like bards telling the news or the folklore tradition.

Sebastian Piana [b. circa 1900? d. July 17, 1994] is generally considered as the first musician to write a milonga ciudadana or milonga portenia, in 1932, when he made Milonga Sentimental . I include below part of the last interview made to Piana while he was living. The complete interview is at www.todotango.com.ar

Regarding the milonga subject as well as many other things related to tango , the words "always" . "sure" "certainty" are a bit dangerous to use, since tango origins are still very misty.

Warm regards

Alberto Gesualdi

Buenos Aires


Interview with Sebastian Piana (fragment) [For entire interview click here.]


- Do you share the opinion, held by the Bates brothers, that tango (in its development as musical genre) takes elements from candombe, the habañera and the milonga?

- Certainly. The habañera was almost the mother of tango. The milonga, on the other hand, belonged to country music, what today is known as folklore. Later the milonga arrived in town, but it was not yet that milonga of which I was the forerunner: it was a rural milonga, sung by gauchos, by that country people that, sometimes, improvised....

- Was it the milonga that Gardel and Razzano sang?

- It was a country milonga, that the Gardel-Razzano duo sang as well. The Argentine and Uruguayan payadores (itinerant singers) that had the ability to improvise lyrics: they were naturally born-poets that, among them, they ad lib rivaled to the beat of a milonga. It would not be strange that the habañera, a Spanish air well-known in Cuba, blended with black music and took advantage of the candombe small drum. Later this spread all over America. All this produces the musical origin of tango in Argentina. But tango is a Spanish word. The tanguillo is a Spanish dance.

- Originally the milonga was a music for strings, was percussion added in Cuba?

- I guess so. The Negroes, that have a great intuition and a rhythmic sense, made "their" habañera. This seems to have spread throughout America. That would be the origin of the early tango beat.

- Can we talk of a " Piana's Revolution " as far as milonga is concerned?

- It is, simply, the change from a milonga -which was regarded as belonging to the south and the Pampas, without dance or danced in privacy, and dug by gauchos and payadores-, to the milonga porteña , owed to Maffia and to me. They were melodically quite alike.

The renewal, the porteña and suburban milonga, is owed to a request made by Rosita Quiroga to Homero Manzi. We had given to her a tango that she would sing. However, she asked for a milonga.

Astonished, Manzi told me; "Rosita asked me a milonga". I answered him: but if all milongas are nearly the same thing, very much alike, because of that people improvise on them...."Look, Sebastian, I don't understand anything about milongas", Manzi answered to me. Then I told Homero that he should call me in two days, to see if I was able to devise something. During that time I had in my head the idea of a new milonga. I knew its beat because I had written a previous one so that Josi Gonzalez Castillo (Catulo Castillo's father) would write lyrics to it.

I had the need to make different milongas; and these were: they kept the simplicity of the beat, but with a defined musical shape, as if they were tangos to be sung, but without losing the milonga's essence.

When Manzi called me, precisely in two days' time, I already have composed "Milonga Sentimental", whose music only took me half an hour (the one I had prepared for Gonzalez Castillo's milonga had taken me a whole day). It was not the everlasting milonga, the one improvised by the payadores...

As Manzi, a magnificent poet, confessed to me that he did not understand about milongas, I thought for myself: will he understand mine? He understood it. He arrived to my place on a Monday, he picked up the sheet music and, the next morning, he had the lyric already written. With the lyrics added I began to like the music more. Until then I was more satisfied with the one I had made for Gonzalez Castillo.
So "Milonga Sentimental" was born. It was my second milonga, which turned out to be the first milonga porteña known.

- Catulo's father, finally did he add lyrics to your first milonga?

- No, no. It seems he forgot about it (laughs). He was a great friend of mine and of my father's.




For the complete interview, click here.

Wednesday, November 4, 2009

Corto de animación For a Tango de Gabrielle Zuchelli

The only critique I would offer is that there seems to be a historical disconnect between the scenes in the animation and the news headlines and the soundtrack - maybe not - I don't have the time nor inclination to do the research.

I'll bite my tongue about the historical veracity of the knife fight, the fedoras and the dandy clothing. Those are my personal opinions anyway so I'll keep them to myself. This time.

Otherwise, I like it. The animation sequences are good. They are obviously done by someone, or with extensive input from someone who understands/dances tango.

Tuesday, February 10, 2009

Tango is in trouble...

From ruddy...this is one of those "must reads" that rises to the surface periodically...interesting stuff...


Hola Naifas y Garabos,
this has been an interesting topic, albeit IMHO just
another round in the seemingly endless battle between
the conservative and liberal camps of the tango spectrum.

Coincidentally, a friend of mine who just came back from
Buenos Aires posted the following in a local tango list:


...
Tango is in trouble. Living in our own world of music and dance, we
are failing to see it. The milongas in Buenos Aires are full. And
when they are not, the practicas are (100-300 people). But in the
real world, outside of the milongas, the picture looks very different.

Argentines, essentially, are boycotting the tango. Many even hate
it. Out of 100 radio stations in Buenos Aires, only one plays tango
music. Argentine companies do not use tango music in their TV
commercials, preferring rock, foreign or national. And Argentine
people that love tango music are in despair. They no longer have
hope that the young Argentines will embrace the tango. Many also
have lost hope in the Europeans. But they have a lot of hope in the
Americans.

Many Argentine people that are involved with the music of tango, such
as tango historians and others, who may not even dance themselves,
feel that the Americans have a genuine interest and love for tango
music. It appears that many people from the US are buying a lot of
tango music, and not just the most obvious selections, but things
that are rare, and they know what they are buying because they have
been looking for it. These Argentine tango historians look at the
Amerian dancers and DJs with respect and hope. They believe that if
anyone can save the tango, it will be the Americans that love it.

There are many young people (18 +) in Buenos Aires, who dance
beautiful traditional tango with great style and energy, and they do
not dance "nuevo" or dance to electronic tango (both of which seem to
be the domain of dancers outside of Argentina). Instead, they love
to dance to Donato, Canaro, Lomuto, etc. But there are not enough of
them to keep tango from oblivion.

Traditionally, tango orchestras played at the milongas, sometimes as
many as four or five on the same night at the same milonga. There
was also recorded music. Each orchestra had its own unique sound,
and each orchestra's signature was their endings. After the WWII,
there were only two recording studios - Victor and Odeon. As a
result, many orchestras recorded either very little or not at
all. Those that recorded, left a legacy unmatched by anything else
from the more recent history of tango.

Why are the recordings of Pugliese, made in August of1945, have a
very special feel, something very haunting and beautiful that does
not appear in his later recordings? This was the first recording
that Pugliese did with his musicians as a full orchestra. Maybe we
feel that excitement in the music. It was a precious moment for
those musicians.

And what about Orquesta Tipica Victor? That was a special
time. Victor created a tango orchestra that never played in
public. They only recorded. But many, many musicians played with
them. That is why the sound of Donato and Carabelli powerfully
echoes OT Victor.

Because each orchestra had a different feel to their music, the
dancers became very selective regarding who they danced with to
particular music. The tandas maintained the feeling and the dancers
were never surprised by a sudden change. The lyrics of tango also
played an important part. The poetry of tango is beautiful,
memorable, and often painful. It was often written by very famous poets.
...


If, as my friend says, we Americans are the last hope for
tango, I think the tango will not last to celebrate its 200th
anniversary.

Best regards,
--
ruddy